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62 changes: 31 additions & 31 deletions docs/ground/departure_clearance.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ A departure clearance is a set of instructions given by air traffic control to a

There may be occasions in which a simple departure clearance, often just a departure heading and altitude level, will be assigned to pilots.

!!! example Simplified Example
Pilot: "Anapa Ground, Fastjet 345, [single/_number_] [aircraft type] at [apron/ramp name], ready to taxi."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, Anapa Ground, after departure fly runway heading, climb to 3000 feet, [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92]."
Pilot: "After departure fly runway heading, climb to 3000 feet [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92], Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, readback correct, taxi to [...]."
!!! example "Simplified Clearance"
Pilot: "Anapa Ground, Fastjet 345, [single/_number_] [aircraft type] at [apron/ramp name], ready to taxi."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, Anapa Ground, after departure fly runway heading, climb to 3000 feet, [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92]."
Pilot: "After departure fly runway heading, climb to 3000 feet [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92], Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, readback correct, taxi to [...]."

If ATIS is available, the pilot **SHALL** include the information designator in his initial communication to the ground controller.

Expand All @@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ Pilot: "Anapa Ground, Fastjet 345, [single/_number_] [aircraft type] at [apron/r

Visual Flight Rules clearances **MUST** only be issued during daytime and within Visual Meteorological (VMC) conditions. Clearances **SHOULD** include instructions of exiting the airfield control zone. This may consist of a departure heading or a Visual Reference Point, if a VFR chart is available for that airfield.

!!!example VFR Example with VRP
Pilot: "Anapa Ground, Fastjet 345, [single/_number_] [aircraft type] at [apron/ramp name], VFR flight to Krymsk, ready to taxi."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, Anapa Ground, after departure cleared to leave control zone via Entry/Exit East, not above 2500 feet, [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92], squawk 1234."
Pilot: After departure cleared to leave control zone via Entry/Exit East, not above 2500 feet, [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92], squawk 1234, Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, readback correct, taxi to [...]."
!!!example "VFR Example with VRP"
Pilot: "Anapa Ground, Fastjet 345, [single/_number_] [aircraft type] at [apron/ramp name], VFR flight to Krymsk, ready to taxi."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, Anapa Ground, after departure cleared to leave control zone via Entry/Exit East, not above 2500 feet, [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92], squawk 1234."
Pilot: After departure cleared to leave control zone via Entry/Exit East, not above 2500 feet, [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92], squawk 1234, Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, readback correct, taxi to [...]."

If charts are not available, a heading may be used.

Expand All @@ -34,16 +34,16 @@ Tower: "Fastjet 345, Anapa Ground, after departure cleared to leave control zone

For VFR (and simplified) clearances, the Ground controller **MAY** opt to give departure clearance at the holding point, right before takeoff.

!!!example Clearance at holding point
Pilot: "Anapa Ground, Fastjet 345, [single/_number_] [aircraft type] at [apron/ramp name], VFR flight to Krymsk, ready to taxi."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, Anapa Ground, taxi to [...], expect clearance at holding point."
Pilot: "Taxi to [...], expect clearance at holding point, Fastjet 345."
At holding point:
Pilot: "Anapa Ground, Fastjet 345, holding at/short of [location]."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, advise ready to copy clearance."
Pilot: "Ready to copy, Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, Anapa Ground, after departure [...]"
Pilot: "After departure [...], Fastjet 345."
!!!example "Clearance at holding point"
Pilot: "Anapa Ground, Fastjet 345, [single/_number_] [aircraft type] at [apron/ramp name], VFR flight to Krymsk, ready to taxi."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, Anapa Ground, taxi to [...], expect clearance at holding point."
Pilot: "Taxi to [...], expect clearance at holding point, Fastjet 345."
At holding point:
Pilot: "Anapa Ground, Fastjet 345, holding at/short of [location]."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, advise ready to copy clearance."
Pilot: "Ready to copy, Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, Anapa Ground, after departure [...]"
Pilot: "After departure [...], Fastjet 345."

##IFR Clearance

Expand All @@ -57,18 +57,18 @@ IFR clearances **MUST** be delivered in a standardised format. A good mnemonic f
- **F**requency: Frequency the aircraft must switch to when requested by the tower controller. Under ICAO procedures this is often omitted.
- **T**ransponder: Mode 3 squawk code that the aircraft should set into its transponder.

!!!example IFR Clearance example
Pilot: "Krasnodar Ground, Fastjet 345, [single/_number_] [aircraft type] at [apron/ramp name], request clearance to Sochi, IFR."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, Krasnodar Ground, advise ready to copy IFR clearance."
Pilot: "Ready to copy, Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, cleared to Sochi, RANIS6T departure, climb to flight level 170, squawk 1234."
Pilot: "Cleared to Sochi, RANIS6T departure, climb to flight level 170, squawk 1234, Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, readback correct, report ready to taxi."
!!!example "IFR Clearance example"
Pilot: "Krasnodar Ground, Fastjet 345, [single/_number_] [aircraft type] at [apron/ramp name], request clearance to Sochi, IFR."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, Krasnodar Ground, advise ready to copy IFR clearance."
Pilot: "Ready to copy, Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, cleared to Sochi, RANIS6T departure, climb to flight level 170, squawk 1234."
Pilot: "Cleared to Sochi, RANIS6T departure, climb to flight level 170, squawk 1234, Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, readback correct, report ready to taxi."

A radar vector departure is as follows.

!!!example Departure via vectors
!!!example "Departure via vectors"
[...]
Tower: "Fastjet 345, cleared to Sochi, departure via radar vectors, climb to 5000 feet, [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92], squawk 1234."
Pilot: "cleared to Sochi, departure via radar vectors, climb to 5000 feet, [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92], squawk 1234, Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, readback correct, report ready to taxi."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, cleared to Sochi, departure via radar vectors, climb to 5000 feet, [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92], squawk 1234."
Pilot: "cleared to Sochi, departure via radar vectors, climb to 5000 feet, [QNH1013 HPa/Altimeter 29.92], squawk 1234, Fastjet 345."
Tower: "Fastjet 345, readback correct, report ready to taxi."
27 changes: 26 additions & 1 deletion docs/ground/taxi.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1 +1,26 @@
TODO
!!! info "Work-in-Progress"
This page is very much work-in-progress, and is nowhere near completed.

#Taxi

Taxiing is the movement of an aircraft on the ground, under it's own power. On a controlled airfeild, the taxiways and directions an aircraft follows is the responsibility of the ground movement controller, and is to be given in a taxi clearance.

!!! note "Note"
If an IFR clearance is required, this is to be requested by the pilot before taxi.

In any taxi clearance, a clearance limit is given. This is where the pilot is to stop, unless a futher clearance limit is given. The clearance limit is frequently a holding point of the active runway, though - depending on many factors, including traffic, active runways and standard procedures - can be any point on a manouvering area or apron.

!!! note "Note"
'Hold short' is also frequently used. This means 'stop before' a given taxiway or runway, and is used when there isn't an applicable holding point. 'Hold position' can also be given, and this means the pilot should immediately stop their aircraft.

Also given in any taxi clearance are the taxiways for a pilot to follow. These can be found on a ground chart (as seen below), and are pronounced in the phonetic alphabet.

![examplegroundchart](../assets/groundchart.webp)

!!!example "Example"
Pilot: Anapa Ground, HORNET1, request taxi. Controller: HORNET1, taxi hold short runway 04 via taxiways M, D. Pilot: Taxi hold short runway 04 via taxiways M, D, HORNET1.

The phrase "Follow the..." can also be used. This is useful for a pilot, to make navigation on the ground easier, but this is to be used with caution, as a pilot could inadverdantly follow an aircraft past a clearance limit.

!!!example "Example"
Pilot: Anapa Ground, HORNET1, request taxi. Controller: HORNET1, taxi hold short runway 04 via taxiways M, D, follow the C130. Pilot: Taxi hold short runway 04 via taxiways M, D, follow the C130 HORNET1.