Bug: panic when use datafusion listingtable and provider schema


### Discussed in https://github.com/vortex-data/vortex/discussions/5516

<div type='discussions-op-text'>

<sup>Originally posted by **haohuaijin** November 25, 2025</sup>
### Issue Description

use Datafusion 50.0.0
Vortex 0.56.0

when use datafusion listingtable with vortex and provider shcmea, i got the panic(detail reprodcude in below)
```rust
    let config = ListingTableConfig::new(table_url)
        .with_listing_options(
            ListingOptions::new(format).with_session_config_options(ctx.state().config()),
        )
        .with_schema(Arc::new(arrow_schema));
```

```
thread 'main' panicked at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/arrow-schema-56.2.0/src/schema.rs:375:10:
index out of bounds: the len is 1 but the index is 1
stack backtrace:
   0: __rustc::rust_begin_unwind
             at /rustc/29483883eed69d5fb4db01964cdf2af4d86e9cb2/library/std/src/panicking.rs:697:5
   1: core::panicking::panic_fmt
             at /rustc/29483883eed69d5fb4db01964cdf2af4d86e9cb2/library/core/src/panicking.rs:75:14
   2: core::panicking::panic_bounds_check
             at /rustc/29483883eed69d5fb4db01964cdf2af4d86e9cb2/library/core/src/panicking.rs:280:5
   3: arrow_schema::schema::Schema::field
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/arrow-schema-56.2.0/src/schema.rs:375:10
   4: <vortex_datafusion::persistent::opener::VortexOpener as datafusion_datasource::file_stream::FileOpener>::open::{{closure}}::{{closure}}
             at ./vortex-datafusion/src/persistent/opener.rs:253:48
   5: core::iter::adapters::map::map_fold::{{closure}}
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core/src/iter/adapters/map.rs:88:28
   6: <core::slice::iter::Iter<T> as core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator>::fold
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core/src/slice/iter/macros.rs:255:27
   7: <core::iter::adapters::map::Map<I,F> as core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator>::fold
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core/src/iter/adapters/map.rs:128:19
   8: core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator::for_each
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core/src/iter/traits/iterator.rs:827:14
   9: alloc::vec::Vec<T,A>::extend_trusted
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/alloc/src/vec/mod.rs:3611:26
  10: <alloc::vec::Vec<T,A> as alloc::vec::spec_extend::SpecExtend<T,I>>::spec_extend
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/alloc/src/vec/spec_extend.rs:29:14
  11: <alloc::vec::Vec<T> as alloc::vec::spec_from_iter_nested::SpecFromIterNested<T,I>>::from_iter
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/alloc/src/vec/spec_from_iter_nested.rs:62:16
  12: <alloc::vec::Vec<T> as alloc::vec::spec_from_iter::SpecFromIter<T,I>>::from_iter
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/alloc/src/vec/spec_from_iter.rs:34:9
  13: <alloc::vec::Vec<T> as core::iter::traits::collect::FromIterator<T>>::from_iter
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/alloc/src/vec/mod.rs:3470:9
  14: core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator::collect
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core/src/iter/traits/iterator.rs:2027:9
  15: <vortex_datafusion::persistent::opener::VortexOpener as datafusion_datasource::file_stream::FileOpener>::open::{{closure}}
             at ./vortex-datafusion/src/persistent/opener.rs:256:18
  16: <tracing::instrument::Instrumented<T> as core::future::future::Future>::poll
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/tracing-0.1.41/src/instrument.rs:321:15
  17: <core::pin::Pin<P> as core::future::future::Future>::poll
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core/src/future/future.rs:124:9
  18: futures_util::future::future::FutureExt::poll_unpin
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/futures-util-0.3.31/src/future/future/mod.rs:558:24
  19: datafusion_datasource::file_stream::FileStream::poll_inner
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/datafusion-datasource-50.3.0/src/file_stream.rs:159:42
  20: <datafusion_datasource::file_stream::FileStream as futures_core::stream::Stream>::poll_next
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/datafusion-datasource-50.3.0/src/file_stream.rs:332:27
  21: futures_util::stream::stream::StreamExt::poll_next_unpin
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/futures-util-0.3.31/src/stream/stream/mod.rs:1638:24
  22: <datafusion_physical_plan::coop::CooperativeStream<T> as futures_core::stream::Stream>::poll_next
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/datafusion-physical-plan-50.3.0/src/coop.rs:148:36
  23: datafusion_physical_plan::stream::BatchSplitStream::poll_upstream
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/datafusion-physical-plan-50.3.0/src/stream.rs:653:42
  24: <datafusion_physical_plan::stream::BatchSplitStream as futures_core::stream::Stream>::poll_next
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/datafusion-physical-plan-50.3.0/src/stream.rs:687:14
  25: <core::pin::Pin<P> as futures_core::stream::Stream>::poll_next
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/futures-core-0.3.31/src/stream.rs:130:33
  26: <S as futures_core::stream::TryStream>::try_poll_next
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/futures-core-0.3.31/src/stream.rs:206:14
  27: <futures_util::stream::try_stream::try_collect::TryCollect<St,C> as core::future::future::Future>::poll
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/futures-util-0.3.31/src/stream/try_stream/try_collect.rs:46:47
  28: datafusion_physical_plan::common::collect::{{closure}}
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/datafusion-physical-plan-50.3.0/src/common.rs:43:36
  29: datafusion_physical_plan::execution_plan::collect::{{closure}}
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/datafusion-physical-plan-50.3.0/src/execution_plan.rs:1150:36
  30: datafusion::dataframe::DataFrame::collect::{{closure}}
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/datafusion-50.3.0/src/dataframe/mod.rs:1376:33
  31: datafusion::dataframe::DataFrame::to_string::{{closure}}
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/datafusion-50.3.0/src/dataframe/mod.rs:1430:38
  32: datafusion::dataframe::DataFrame::show::{{closure}}
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/datafusion-50.3.0/src/dataframe/mod.rs:1394:41
  33: vortex_table::run_query::{{closure}}
             at ./vortex-datafusion/examples/vortex_table.rs:103:41
  34: vortex_table::main::{{closure}}
             at ./vortex-datafusion/examples/vortex_table.rs:90:67
  35: <core::pin::Pin<P> as core::future::future::Future>::poll
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core/src/future/future.rs:124:9
  36: tokio::runtime::park::CachedParkThread::block_on::{{closure}}
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/tokio-1.47.1/src/runtime/park.rs:285:71
  37: tokio::task::coop::with_budget
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/tokio-1.47.1/src/task/coop/mod.rs:167:5
  38: tokio::task::coop::budget
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/tokio-1.47.1/src/task/coop/mod.rs:133:5
  39: tokio::runtime::park::CachedParkThread::block_on
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/tokio-1.47.1/src/runtime/park.rs:285:31
  40: tokio::runtime::context::blocking::BlockingRegionGuard::block_on
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/tokio-1.47.1/src/runtime/context/blocking.rs:66:14
  41: tokio::runtime::scheduler::multi_thread::MultiThread::block_on::{{closure}}
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/tokio-1.47.1/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/mod.rs:87:22
  42: tokio::runtime::context::runtime::enter_runtime
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/tokio-1.47.1/src/runtime/context/runtime.rs:65:16
  43: tokio::runtime::scheduler::multi_thread::MultiThread::block_on
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/tokio-1.47.1/src/runtime/scheduler/multi_thread/mod.rs:86:9
  44: tokio::runtime::runtime::Runtime::block_on_inner
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/tokio-1.47.1/src/runtime/runtime.rs:358:50
  45: tokio::runtime::runtime::Runtime::block_on
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-e3de039b2554c837/tokio-1.47.1/src/runtime/runtime.rs:328:18
  46: vortex_table::main
             at ./vortex-datafusion/examples/vortex_table.rs:92:7
  47: core::ops::function::FnOnce::call_once
             at /Users/huaijinhao/.rustup/toolchains/1.89-aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core/src/ops/function.rs:250:5
note: Some details are omitted, run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=full` for a verbose backtrace.
```

### Expected Behavior

if i use the `infer_schema` instead of `with_schema`, i can get the result and no panic
`with_schema` get error
```rust
    let config = ListingTableConfig::new(table_url)
        .with_listing_options(
            ListingOptions::new(format).with_session_config_options(ctx.state().config()),
        )
        .with_schema(Arc::new(arrow_schema));
```
`infer_schema` can run success
```
    let config = ListingTableConfig::new(table_url)
        .with_listing_options(
            ListingOptions::new(format).with_session_config_options(ctx.state().config()),
        )
        .infer_schema(&ctx.state())
        .await?;
```


### Actual Behavior

panic

### Reproduction Steps

```rust
use std::sync::Arc;

use arrow_schema::Schema;
use datafusion::datasource::listing::{
    ListingOptions, ListingTable, ListingTableConfig, ListingTableUrl,
};
use datafusion::prelude::SessionContext;
use tempfile::tempdir;
use tokio::fs::OpenOptions;
use vortex::arrays::{ChunkedArray, StructArray, VarBinArray};
use vortex::buffer::buffer;
use vortex::error::vortex_err;
use vortex::file::WriteOptionsSessionExt;
use vortex::io::session::RuntimeSessionExt;
use vortex::session::VortexSession;
use vortex::validity::Validity;
use vortex::{IntoArray, VortexSessionDefault};
use vortex_datafusion::VortexFormat;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let session = VortexSession::default().with_tokio();

    let temp_dir = tempdir()?;
    let strings = ChunkedArray::from_iter([
        VarBinArray::from(vec!["ab", "foo", "bar", "baz"]).into_array(),
        VarBinArray::from(vec!["ab", "foo", "bar", "baz"]).into_array(),
    ])
    .into_array();

    let numbers = ChunkedArray::from_iter([
        buffer![1u32, 2, 3, 4].into_array(),
        buffer![5u32, 6, 7, 8].into_array(),
    ])
    .into_array();

    let st = StructArray::try_new(
        ["strings", "numbers"].into(),
        vec![strings, numbers],
        8,
        Validity::NonNullable,
    )?;

    let filepath = temp_dir.path().join("a.vortex");

    let mut f = OpenOptions::new()
        .write(true)
        .truncate(true)
        .create(true)
        .open(&filepath)
        .await?;

    session
        .write_options()
        .write(&mut f, st.to_array_stream())
        .await?;

    let ctx = SessionContext::new();
    let format = Arc::new(VortexFormat::new(session));
    let table_url = ListingTableUrl::parse(
        filepath
            .to_str()
            .ok_or_else(|| vortex_err!("Path is not valid UTF-8"))?,
    )?;

    // only get one field form the schema
    let arrow_schema = st.dtype().to_arrow_schema()?;
    let arrow_schema = Schema::new(
        arrow_schema
            .fields()
            .iter()
            .filter(|f| f.name() == "numbers")
            .cloned()
            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
    );

    let config = ListingTableConfig::new(table_url)
        .with_listing_options(
            ListingOptions::new(format).with_session_config_options(ctx.state().config()),
        )
        .with_schema(Arc::new(arrow_schema));

    let listing_table = Arc::new(ListingTable::try_new(config)?);

    ctx.register_table("vortex_tbl", listing_table as _)?;

    run_query(&ctx, "SELECT * FROM vortex_tbl where numbers > 2").await?;

    Ok(())
}

async fn run_query(ctx: &SessionContext, query_string: impl AsRef<str>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let query_string = query_string.as_ref();

    ctx.sql(&format!("EXPLAIN {query_string}"))
        .await?
        .show()
        .await?;

    ctx.sql(query_string).await?.show().await?;

    Ok(())
}

```

### OS Version Information

macos 15.6.1

### I acknowledge that:

- [X] I have searched the Vortex repository (both open and closed Discussions and Issues) and confirm this is not a duplicate of an existing issue or discussion.
- [X] I have checked the "Preview" tab on all text fields to ensure that everything looks right, and have wrapped all configuration and code in code blocks with a group of three backticks (` ``` `) on separate lines.</div>

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Bug: panic when use datafusion listingtable and provider schema #5522

Discussed in #5516

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Bug: panic when use datafusion listingtable and provider schema #5522

Description

Discussed in #5516

Issue Description

Expected Behavior

Actual Behavior

Reproduction Steps

OS Version Information

I acknowledge that:

Metadata

Metadata

Assignees

Labels

Type

Projects

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Relationships

Development

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